Related Conditions & Treatments | Boston Children's Hospital

Condition

22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a genetic condition that causes a combination of medical problems. These problems may include heart defects, cleft palate, speech or feeding problems, difficulty fighting infections, low...

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Condition

Adjustment Disorders

An adjustment disorder is defined as an emotional or behavioral reaction to an identifiable stressful event or change in a person's life.

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Treatment

Angiogram

An angiogram is a minimally invasive test that maps the arterior veins in a part of your child's body.

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Treatment

Angioplasty

Angioplasty is a minimally invasive interventional radiology procedure in which imaging technologies are used to guide a catheter into an artery or vein.

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Condition

Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Coronary Artery (AAOCA)

Anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery (AAOCA) is a rare congenital heart condition.

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Condition

Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)

Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a congenital heart defect in which the left coronary artery arises abnormally from the pulmonary artery.

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Condition

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders are concerning when anxiety no longer protects the child, and instead gets in the way of their ability to function in a healthy way.

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Condition

Aortic Valve Stenosis

Aortic valve stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve that can stop blood from flowing properly out of the heart.

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Condition

Arrhythmia

An arrhythmia is an abnormal rhythm of the heart, which can cause the heart to pump less effectively.

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Condition

Atrial Septal Defect

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the heart wall that separates the top two chambers of the heart.

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Condition

Atrioventricular Canal Defect

An atrioventricular canal defect, or AV canal, is a combination of several closely associated heart problems that result in a large defect in the center of the heart.

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Condition

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental issue where people have trouble paying attention and controlling impulses.

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Condition

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects the way your child develops and behaves.

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Condition

Bacterial Endocarditis

Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the lining of the heart.

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Condition

Barth Syndrome

Barth syndrome is metabolic disorder that affects the heart, muscles, immune system, and growth. It almost always occurs in boys.

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Treatment

Brain Scan

A brain scan is a diagnostic imaging technique that provides images of blood flow in the brain. It can detect changes in blood flow within the brain that cannot be...

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Condition

Bullying

Bullying is any kind of physical or verbal abuse of a child. It can have long-lasting effects on both the victim and the bully.

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Treatment

Cardiac Catheterization Procedure

Cardiac catheterization is a specialized procedure in which a long, flexible tube — a catheter — is inserted into a vein or artery and guided into the heart.

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Treatment

Cardiac CT

A cardiac CT (computed tomography) scan is a test that uses x-rays to create detailed images of your child's heart and blood vessels inside the heart.

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Condition

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle characterized by an abnormally large, thick or stiff heart muscle.

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Treatment

Cardiovascular MRI

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses radio waves, magnets and a computer to take pictures of your child’s heart.

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Condition

Coarctation of the Aorta

Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta, the main artery that delivers oxygen-rich (red) blood to the body.

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Treatment

Complex Biventricular Repair

Complex biventricular repair is an option for children with single ventricle heart defects to achieve two-ventricle circulation.

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Condition

Congenital Heart Defects

A congenital heart defect is a structural problem of the heart that develops during pregnancy.

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Condition

Congenital Rubella

Congenital rubella syndrome (measles) is a virus that can cause birth defects if a mother passes it to her fetus.

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Condition

Coronary Artery Fistula

A coronary artery fistula is an abnormal connection between blood vessels in the heart.

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Condition

Cyanosis

Cyanosis is a bluish color in the skin, lips, and nail beds caused by too little oxygen in the blood.

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Condition

Developmental Disabilities

Developmental delays refer to when developmental skills are at a lower level than expected for a child’s age, such as language, motor, cognition, or play.

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Condition

Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Disruptive behavior disorders are a group of behavioral problems.

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Condition

DORV

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a type of rare congenital heart condition.

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Condition

Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a reading and writing disorder.

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Condition

Dysphagia

Dysphagia is a term that means “difficulty swallowing.” It is the inability of food or liquids to pass easily from your child’s mouth, into the throat, and through the esophagus...

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Condition

Ebstein's Anomaly

Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare heart defect that affects the tricuspid valve.

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Treatment

Echocardiogram

An echocardiogram uses sound waves to see the heart's structures.

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Treatment

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a painless test that measures the electrical activity of the heart.

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Treatment

Electroencephalograms

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a neurophysiologic technique primarily used in the evaluation of epilepsy.

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Condition

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a complex condition that makes a child susceptible to seizures.

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Condition

Esophageal Injury and Trauma

Esophageal injury and trauma can lead to esophageal strictures and other problems.

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Treatment

Exercise Stress Testing

Exercise stress testing is used by doctors to see how your child’s heart reacts to stress or exercise.

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Condition

Familial Isolated Congenital Heart Disease

Familial isolated congenital heart disease is a congenital heart condition that is both familial and isolated.

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Treatment

Fetal Echocardiography

Fetal echocardiography is an ultrasound test performed on a pregnant woman to evaluate the heart of her unborn baby.

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Treatment

Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing

Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is an important evaluation of your child’s ability to eat and swallow.

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Condition

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about a variety of events.

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Condition

Genetic Disorders

Genetic disorders include certain types of birth defects, chronic diseases, developmental problems, and sensory deficits that are inherited from one or both parents.

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Treatment

Gestational Assessment

A gestational assessment is often used to evaluate your baby's appearance, skin texture, motor function, and reflexes.

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Condition

Growth Problems

“Growth problems” is a broad phrase used to describe various causes and effects of conditions relating to your child’s insufficient growth.

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Condition

Head or Brain Injury

Head injury is a broad term that describes many different types of conditions — ranging from bumps and bruises to concussions, skull fractures, and serious brain injuries.

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Condition

Heart Failure

Heart failure in children occurs when a child’s heart is not working as well as it should.

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Condition

Heart Murmur

A heart murmur is a sound made by blood moving through the heart's chambers or valves.

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Treatment

Heart Transplant

A heart transplant is an operation that replaces a failing heart with a healthy heart from a deceased donor.

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Condition

Heart Tumor

A heart tumor, also known as a cardiac tumor, is a rare, abnormal growth that develops in the heart.

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Condition

Heart's Electrical System

The heart’s electrical system provides the energy to help your child's heart pump blood.

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Condition

Heterotaxy

Heterotaxy is a rare condition where many organs in the body can be formed abnormally, in the wrong position, or even missing.

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Treatment

Holter and Event Monitors

A holter monitor is a device that performs a prolonged ECG testing. An event monitor is similar and is used to test for symptoms that occur less frequently.

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Condition

Hydrops Fetalis

Hydrops fetalis — or hydrops — is when large amounts of fluid build up in a baby’s tissues and organs, causing extensive swelling.

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Condition

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a spectrum of heart diseases in which the left-heart structures are underdeveloped.

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Condition

Insomnia

Insomnia is common in children but highly treatable. It is characterized by frequent night wakings, bedtime battles and difficulty falling and staying asleep.

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Treatment

Intravenous Line and Tube

Intravenous (IV) lines give patients fluids and medications through tubes inserted into their veins and arteries.

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Condition

Kabuki Syndrome

Kabuki syndrome is a rare congenital disorder.

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Treatment

Karyotype, Extended Banding, Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization

Karyotype, extended banding chromosome studies, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and chromosomal microarray analysis are different chromosome studies that can help determine if your child has a genetic birth defect.

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Condition

Learning Disorders and Disabilities

“Learning disorder” and “specific learning disability” refer to a neurodevelopmental problem in which a child of normal intellectual potential is encountering unusual difficulty with their academic functioning that cannot be...

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Condition

Long QT Syndrome

Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited condition that affects the heart’s electrical rhythm and can cause fast, erratic heartbeats.

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Treatment

Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery accelerates recovery by using small incisions to access and treat the heart.

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Treatment

MRI

MRI is a routine diagnostic imaging exam that uses a large magnet, radio waves, and a computer to produce two- and three-dimensional images of the body's organs, tissues, and bones.

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Condition

Muscle Weakness (Hypotonia)

Hypotonia is decreased muscle tone.

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Condition

Myocarditis and Pericarditis

Myocarditis and pericarditis are inflammatory conditions that affect the heart.

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Condition

Neonatal Stroke

Neonatal stroke is stroke in newborns between birth and 28 days.

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Treatment

Neurocritical Care

Neurocritical care is a field devoted to protecting and treating the brains of critically ill and injured children.

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Treatment

Neurological Diagnostic Tests

Neurological diagnostic tests help physicians evaluate and diagnose damage to the nervous system — which consists of the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves from these areas.

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Condition

Noonan Syndrome

Noonan syndrome is a genetic condition that can affect many different areas of the body and development.

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Condition

Nutrition for School Aged Child

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Condition

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A child or adolescent with obsessive-compulsive disorder has obsessive thoughts that are unwanted and related to fears, and uses compulsive rituals to control the fears.

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Condition

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital heart condition where there is a persistent connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.

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Condition

Patent Foramen Ovale

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a hole in the wall that that separates the heart’s two upper chambers (atria).

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Condition

Phobias

A phobia is an extreme fear of something specific.

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Treatment

Prenatal Ultrasound

A prenatal ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique that gives doctors an accurate picture of a fetus.

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Condition

Pulmonary Atresia

Pulmonary atresia occurs when the pulmonary valve — normally located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery — doesn’t form properly.

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Treatment

Pulmonary Function Test

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are diagnostic tests to evaluate your child’s lung function or to measure any change in your child's condition.

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Condition

Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is abnormally high blood pressure that occurs in the arteries of the lungs (the pulmonary arteries).

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Condition

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Pulmonary valve stenosis is the term describing a narrowing in the opening of the pulmonary valve.

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Condition

Respiratory Distress

A child is in respiratory distress when he or she has difficulty breathing.

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Condition

Seizures

Seizures happen when brain cells fire or “talk” too much, temporarily disrupting the brain’s normal electrical signals. They’re quite common, especially in infants and young children.

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Condition

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is an anxiety disorder that causes a child to suffer from feelings of extreme worry when apart from family members or other places and people she...

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Condition

Septal Defects

A septal defect is a hole in the septum, which is the muscle wall that separates the heart's left and right chambers.

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Condition

Single Ventricle Defects

A single ventricle defect occurs when one of the two pumping chambers in the heart, called ventricles, isn’t large enough or strong enough to work correctly.

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Treatment

Single Ventricle Surgery

The goal of single ventricle surgeries is to enable one ventricle to do the work normally done by two ventricles.

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Condition

Slow Weight Gain in Infants and Children

Slow weight gain, sometimes called “failure to thrive," is a manifestation of many factors that prevent a child from getting the calories they need for healthy growth.

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Condition

Speech, Language, and Hearing Development Problems

The most common cause of speech delay in children is the persistence of fluid behind the eardrum and the associated hearing loss.

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Condition

Stridor

Stridor is a high-pitched sound that is usually heard best when your child breathes in (known as “inspiration”). It’s usually caused by an obstruction or narrowing in your child's upper...

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Condition

Stroke

Stroke is a general term that is used to describe an injury to the brain caused by either bleeding (referred to as hemorrhagic stroke) or a lack of oxygen due...

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Condition

Syncope

Syncope is the medical term for fainting. It’s a temporary loss of consciousness that occurs when not enough blood goes to the brain.

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Condition

Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a serious congenital heart defect where the heart’s anatomy prevents enough oxygen-poor (blue) blood from flowing to the lungs to receive oxygen.

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Condition

Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with pulmonary atresia is a more severe form of TOF, where the heart’s anatomy prevents enough oxygen-poor (blue) blood from flowing to the lungs to receive...

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Condition

Toileting Issues

Toileting difficulties include inability/refusal to toilet train, constipation, encopresis, daytime wetting, and bedwetting.

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Condition

TORCH

TORCH is an acronym for a group of diseases that cause congenital (present at birth) conditions if a fetus is exposed to them in the uterus.

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Condition

Torticollis

Torticollis, or wryneck, is a twisted neck. It’s relatively common in children.

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Condition

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

TAPVR occurs when the blood vessels that drain the lungs (pulmonary veins) are not connected normally to the heart.

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Condition

Transposition of the Great Arteries

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is when the “great” arteries, the aorta and the right ventricle, are reversed in their origins from the heart.

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Condition

Tricuspid Atresia

In tricuspid atresia, the tricuspid valve — which is normally located between the right atrium and the right ventricle — is missing, as is the right ventricle.

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Condition

Trisomies and Monosomies

A trisomy and a monosomy are types of numerical chromosome abnormalities that can cause certain birth defects.

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Condition

Trisomy 18 and 13

Trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 are fatal genetic birth disorders.

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Condition

Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP)

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) occurs in identical twin pregnancies when one twin has an absent or non-functioning heart and receives all of its blood from the normally functioning and...

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Treatment